ABSTRACT
The coronavirus pandemic has infected more than 100 million people worldwide with COVID-19, with millions of deaths across the globe. In this research, we explored the effects of environmental and weather variables with daily COVID-19 cases and COVID-19 fatalities in Istanbul, Turkey. Turkey has the 8th highest number of COVID-19 cases globally, with the highest infections and deaths in Istanbul. This may be the first study to conduct a comprehensive investigation for environmental quality (air quality pollutants, e.g., PM2.5 and PM10, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, etc.), weather parameters (temperature, humidity) and COVID-19 in Turkey. The authors collected meteorological data from 11 March 2020 to 8 February 2021 and COVID-19 data from Istanbul and other regions. The results from empirical estimations, correlation analysis, and quantile on quantile techniques support that air quality and temperature significantly influence COVID-19 deaths in Istanbul. This research may help policymakers and health scientists to take specific measures to reduce the spread of coronavirus across different global cities.The effects of air quality on COVID-19 in Istanbul was investigated.The study applied correlation and quantile on quantile techniques over daily data.Temperature significantly induces the spread of COVID-19 in Istanbul at all quantiles.Air quality and Nitrogen are positively linked with COVID-19 new cases.
ABSTRACT
Objective Vaccination is an important measure for the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In the present study, we aimed to evaluate parents' attitudes toward vaccinating themselves and their children. We also searched whether information about the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a severe complication of COVID-19, could change parents' decisions on vaccinating their children. Methods A questionnaire form consisting of sociodemographic features, COVID-19 vaccination practices, and knowledge about MIS-C was applied to parents of children attending Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital from March through June 2022. Factors affecting vaccine hesitancy were evaluated. Results Among 383 parents, COVID-19 history was present in 248 (64.8%), and 165 (43.1%) were hesitant to vaccinate themselves. The number of cases where both parents had received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine was 256/354 (72.3%). The most common reasons for vaccine hesitancy were vaccines being new in 53/165 (32.1%) and fears of side effects in 95/165 (57.6%). Parents' hesitation toward vaccination of their children with the COVID-19 vaccine was highest for the 0 to 6 age group (78.9%) (73.6% in the 6–12 age group, and 47.3% in the 12–18 age group). In total, 365/383 (95.3%) parents did not have an opinion about MIS-C. After information was given, 62.5% of the 302 participants who opposed vaccinating children under 6 years changed their decision to have their children vaccinated. Conclusion Although routine childhood vaccinations were performed in 99% of children, more than half of parents were hesitant to vaccinate their children with the COVID-19 vaccine. The majority did not have an opinion about MIS-C. Briefings by pediatricians about complications of COVID-19 will help avoid vaccine hesitancy. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases is the property of Thieme Medical Publishing Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
ABSTRACT
Dijital iletişim olanaklarının ve sosyal medyanın gelişimiyle birlikte, sağlık iletişimi uygulamaları da bir dönüşüm geçirmiştir ve farklı paydaşlar arasında etkileşimli bilgi akışının önemi artmıştır. Bu süreçte, merkez sağlık kuruluşları olarak hastaneler de sosyal medya platformlarını potansiyel hastalara erişim, bilgilendirme, hizmet tanıtımı ve kurumsal duyurumların paylaşımı gibi farklı amaçlarla kullanmaya başlamıştır. Ayrıca, Covid-19 salgını gibi belirsizliğin yükseldiği ve halkın bilgi arayışının arttığı dönemlerde, güvenilir bilgi kaynakları olarak hastanelerin hedef kitleleri ile çift yönlü bir iletişim kurabilmesi için sosyal medya platformlarını etkin kullanımı bir zorunluluk haline gelmiştir. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmada Türkiye'de ilk Sars Cov-2 vakasının açıklandığı 11 Mart 2020 tarihi ile Íç Íşleri Bakanlığı'nın yeni normalleşme genelgesini yayınladığı 1 Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında, Ístanbul Üniversitesi Cerrahpaşa ve Ístanbul Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi (Çapa), Yeditepe Üniversite Hastaneleri ve Medipol Sağlık Grubu'nun Instagram paylaşımları nitel ve nicel içerik analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada, Instagram'da incelenen sağlık kuruluşlarının tamamının değişen düzeylerde, sağlık iletişimi faaliyetlerini Covid-19 salgını çerçevesinde şekillendirdiği;ancak topluma sürdürülebilir bir sağlık anlayışı kazandırılması için farklı konuları da kapsayan sağlık mesajlarının özel hastaneler tarafından verildiği saptanmıştır.Alternate :In this study, during the Covid-19 epidemic;It is aimed to comparatively analyze the health communication activities of the examined public and state hospitals on Instagram and the hospitals' posts interaction level. The official Instagram accounts of Medipol Health Group as a private hospital which is owned by private institution, Yeditepe University hospital as a foundation based private hospital, Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa and Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine (Çapa) hospitals as university hospitals that are subgroup of public hospitals according to ownership based hospital classification are included in the sample. The period of the research was limited to the date of 11 March 2020, when the first Covid-19 case was announced in Turkey, and 1 June 2020, when the Ministry of Internal Affairs published the new normalization circular. The reasons for these limitations in the analysis are the intense use of Instagram in Turkey, its suitability for giving health messages due to its audio-visual features, its power to create interaction, and the high perception of risk and uncertainty in the first period of the pandemic and the increase in the public's orientation towards health communication. In this context, the Instagram posts of the relevant hospitals were analyzed according to health communication topics, the sub-topics related to the epidemic, the tone, the source, the formal structure of the message, the message connotations categories with qualitative and quantitative content analysis technique. These categories were formed on the basis of the variables in Bulunmaz (2019), Shih, Wijaya, Brossard (2008), Liu & Kim (2011), Mutua & Oloo Ong'ong (2020), Aufa, Sulistiadi& Djawas (2020), and Ersan ve Avşar (2020)'s studies about Covid-19 and health communication. As a result of the analysis, it has been determined that all of the health institutions shared posts about the Covid-19 epidemic at varying levels on Instagram, but the contents differ in terms of message connotations, source, subject, topics related to the epidemic, source and level of interaction. In addition, an important finding that is reached in the study is the determination that public hospitals use the medium both quantitatively and qualitatively in one dimension, although private hospitals produce contents for different health communication areas together with the content related to the epidemic When the data about health communication activities related to epidemic, it is seen that all the relevant health institutions share content to prevent the transmission of the disease, the health system and the staff the competence themed contents are at a higher level on the Instagram pages of public hospitals and the virus symptoms and vital risk factors themed contents are at a higher level on the Instagram pages of private hospitals. As a result of the analysis, it is determined that the institution with the highest level of like, view and comment interaction is Medipol Health Group;and the lowest institution is Yeditepe University Hospital on Instagram. In addition, it has been determined that the Instagram posts of Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine and Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine create a high level of interaction, although the number of posts is low.
ABSTRACT
Daily mobility behaviors, especially in cities with high traffic density, are among the most fundamental drivers of quality of life. Obligatory commuting necessitates individuals sacrificing their time, money, and geographic freedom to ensure their mobility. The personal cost of fatigue, stress, and environmental cost of carbon emissions is likewise substantial. The COVID‐19 pandemic led to a widespread shift to telecommuting. The pandemic has permitted an unprecedented opportunity to study Millennials' attitudes towards commuting and telecommuting. A semi‐structured interview method was used with Millennial (now the largest percentage of the workforce) white‐collar (disproportionately able to do their work remotely) workers living in the megacity of Istanbul to understand how telecommuting has altered consumer commuting habits, values, preferences, and well‐being. The results of this study show that Millennial white‐collar workers in Istanbul see compulsory commuting as a waste of time, a stress factor, and an unwanted task. The shift towards telecommuting lowered the Millennials' tolerance for traffic and long commutes and reveals willingness for immobility at peak hours and appreciation of spatial independence as a lifestyle that increases quality of life. The need for understanding transport decisions has never been more pressing with the growth of megacities and the climate change crisis. This research has important implications for white‐collar employees and their employers, as well as academics and public policy makers, who seek to understand mobility preferences and lifestyles of different generations and the environmental implications in a dynamic environment.
ABSTRACT
Contingencies comprise immediate possibilities and aleatory interactions in the form of calculated responses to mutual uncertainties. While contingencies are critically important to governmental policies, yet they have been rarely considered in social analysis. The aim of this study is to analyze how the Covid-19 pandemic as a crisis has been governed both against and through contingencies by investigating the social support measures initiated by the Turkish government and the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IMM). We gathered empirical data qualitatively from 12 in-depth interviews with the officers of local government and NGOs, supplemented by official documents. We found that contingencies are produced and become residual through configurational interdependencies, such as competition between the central and local government, unemployment, inadequate support, standardization, path dependency, and lack of diversification in need assessment. This study revealed that governmental practices are governed through contingent possibilities and interactions under mutual uncertainty and the politics of crisis management and conflict between local and central authority changed social support mechanisms. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Turkish Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
ABSTRACT
The fact that SARS-CoV-2 causes global spread by affecting highly contagious and large populations revealed that the vaccine is an important public health criterion in protecting people from COVID-19 (4). In order to prevent the spread of the disease outside the village, the region was quarantined with the decision of the Sanitation Board. 16 new cases were identified in the first stage as a result of the flection and contact screenings made in the neighborhood where the strict isolation decisions were applied (Table 1). [...]24 new cases were detected (Table 2). Data Collection: In the study, out of 240 people who were screened for epidemiological contact risk for COVID-19, 40 of them were found to be positive for the SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test.
ABSTRACT
Traumatic events can reduce people's sense of safety, remind them of the reality of death and have negative effects on their mental health. When it comes to somatic symptoms, physical symptoms are also the most common individual expressions of social problems and emotional distress among different cultural groups (Kirmayer and Young 1998). [...]coercive life events and comorbid psychiatric disorders often lead to exacerbation of somatic symptoms (Katon et al. 2001). In daily routine life, given the ubiquitous death news in the form of daily updates on news and social media, face masks, anti-bacterial sprays, wipes, social distancing and public health campaigns reminds the population a strong correlation with the COVID-19 and death rates. [...]334 adult individuals met all requirements to be included in the study.
ABSTRACT
In this period when the pandemic is experienced and the world is shaken, the necessity of owning the values related to nature and the sustainability of human life draws attention, while the issues related to raising awareness in consumption have led to a focus on socially responsible behaviors that represent higher values about the human-environment relationship and inclusive beliefs about the world we live in. To determine the effect of the new ecological paradigm on socially responsible consumption behavior in the Covid-19 period, the new ecological paradigm scale which aims to measure people's worldviews in order to reveal the theoretical side of an ecology and the socially responsible consumption behavior scale were used as data collection tools in this study. The research is relational quantitative research. The main mass of the research consists of 479 consumers living in Istanbul. The data of the research were collected by using the easy sampling method and the online survey technique. The suitability of the data within the scope of the research for factor analysis was examined, and the structural equation model was used to measure the effects between variables. It has been observed that the balance of nature, anti-exemption, and anti-anthropocentrism independent variables, which are sub-dimensions of the new ecological paradigm, are associated with socially responsible consumption behavior at significant levels in the Covid 19 period. It was found that the sub-dimensions of ecological crisis and ecological borders did not affect socially responsible consumption behavior. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] Pandeminin yaşandığı ve dünyanın sarsıldığı bu dönemde, doğa ve insan yaşamının sürdürülebilirliğiyle ilgili değerlerin sahiplenilmesi gerekliliği dikkat çekerken, tüketimde farkındalığı artırmakla ilgili konular, insan-çevre ilişkisi hakkında daha yüksek düzeydeki değerleri ve içinde yaşadığımız dünya hakkındaki kapsayıcı inançları temsil eden sosyal sorumlu davranışlara odaklanılmasına sebep olmuştur. Covid-19 döneminde yeni ekolojik paradigmanın sosyal sorumlu tüketim davranışına etkisini belirlemek amacıyla bu çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak, bir ekolojinin kuramsal yönünü ortaya koyabilmek için insanların dünya görüşlerini ölçmeyi amaçlayan yeni ekolojik paradigma ölçeği ile sosyal sorumlu tüketim davranışı ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma ilişkisel nicel araştırma niteliğindedir. Araştırmanın ana kütlesini Ístanbul ilinde yaşamakta olan 479 tüketici oluşturmaktadır. Kolayda örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak, çevrimiçi anket tekniğiyle araştırmanın verileri toplanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamındaki verilerin faktör analizi için uygunluğu belirlenmiştir. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi için korelasyon analizi ve ilişkilerin modellenmesi için ise regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır, Etki düzeyini ortaya koymak için de yapısal eşitlik modelinden yararlanılmıştır. Yeni ekolojik paradigma alt boyutlarından doğanın dengesi, muafiyet karşıtı ve anti-antroposentrizm bağımsız değişkenlerin anlamlı düzeylerde sosyal sorumlu tüketim davranışıyla ilişkili olduğu görülmüştür. Ekolojik sınırlar ve ekolojik kriz boyutlarının ise sosyal sorumlu tüketim davranışına etki etmediği bulunmuştur. (Turkish) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Firat University Journal of Social Sciences / Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Firat University, Social Sciences Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
ABSTRACT
People around the world have experienced fundamental transformations during mass events. The Industrial Revolution, World War II, and the collapse of the Berlin Wall are some of the cases that have caused radical societal changes. COVID-19 has also been a process of mass experiences regarding society. Determining the mass impact the pandemic has had on society shows that the pandemic is facilitating the transition to the so-called new normal. Istanbul is a multi-identity city where 16 million people have intensely experienced the pandemic’s impact. While determining the identities of cities in the world, one can see that different city structures provide different data sets. This study models a machine learning algorithm suitable for the data set we’ve determined for the 39 different districts of Istanbul and 82 different features of Istanbul. The aim of the study is to indicate the changing societal trends during the COVID-19 pandemic using machine learning techniques. Thus, this work contributes to the literature and real life in terms of redesigning cities for the post-COVID19 period. Another contribution of this study is that the proposed methodology provides clues on what people in cities consider important during a pandemic.
ABSTRACT
Türkiye’de pandemiyle birlikte genellikle haftasonu veya yaz dönemlerinde kısa süreli kullanılan ikincil konutlara olan talebin artmış olduğu görülmektedir. Covid-19 pandemisi sırasında yaza ikincil evlerinde giren kişilerin bu evlerde kalmayı tercih ettiği, bazılarının geri dönmeyip tüm pandemi sürecini orada geçirmeyi tercih ettikleri anlaşılmaktadır. Bu makalede, pandemi sürecinde ikincil konutlarda yaşanan mekansal ve sosyal değişimin izi sürülmektedir. Çalışmada öncelikle literatür taraması ve pandemi süreci boyunca ikincil konutların tercih edilmesine yönelik medya taraması yapılmıştır. Ardından, oluşan bu talebin emlak piyasaları üzerine etkilerini incelemek adına bu süreç içerisinde ikincil konut satışları yapan emlakçılarla görüşülmüştür. Ayrıca pandemide ikincil konutlarında kalan kişilere anket uygulanmış, açık ve kapalı uçlu sorular yöneltilmiştir. Katılımcıların demografik özellikleri, birincil ve ikincil konutlarına ilişkin bilgilerinin yanı sıra, ikincil konutları tercih etmelerindeki nedenler, yaşadıkları sorunlar, gündelik yaşam pratikleri, komşuluk ilişkileri gibi konularda veri toplanmıştır. Başlıca tercih nedenleri, ikincil konutların daha sağlıklı bir ortam sunması, açık hava mekanlarında, doğal çevrede vakit geçirmeye imkân vermesidir. Genellikle yılın sadece belirli bir zaman diliminde kullanılan, diğer dönemlerde ise atıl kalan ikincil konutların, her mevsim daha verimli bir şekilde kullanılması yönünde daha önce yapılmış çalışmalar vardır. Ancak bu önerilerin pek uygulanamadığı, konutların yılın tamamında kullanımının sağlanamadığı görülmektedir. Oysa pandemi sürecinde bu konutlar, kullanıcılar için kentin kalabalığından ve pandemi koşullarından uzaklaşma, gündelik yaşamda aktif biçimde açık havada zaman geçirebilme imkanlarıyla anlamlı bir alternatif oluşturmuşlardır. Kullanıcılar için bir doğaya kaçış olanağı yaratmış;bahçe ve bitki bakımı, çalışma veya dinlenme, yürüyüş yapma gibi etkinlikler sağlamışlardır. Bu açıdan, pandemi sonrası yaşamda da ikincil konutların yılın tüm zamanlarına yönelik ne tür yeni olanak ve potansiyeller sunabileceklerine yönelik çalışmalar yapılmasının önemli olacağı düşünülmektedir.Alternate :The demand for second houses used for a brief period as summer or weekend houses has increased with the Covid-19 pandemic in Turkey. While some people, who welcome summer in their homes, preferred to stay during the season, some extended their accommodation for the entire pandemic period. This article investigates the spatial and social changes experienced in second houses during Covid-19 pandemic. As a preparatory study, literature review and subject-related search were conducted in-depth on media sources. Then, real estate agents, who are expert on this issue, were interviewed to examine the effect of the rising demand for these kinds of properties in the real estate market. Moreover, a survey with open and closed-ended questions was conducted to selected people who stay in their secondary houses. In addition to the demographic characteristics of the participants, the reasons to choose second houses, the problems encountered in this process, everyday practices in their lives, and their relations with the neighbours were tried to be determined. As stated by three-quarters of respondents, the secondary houses have a larger net area compared to their primary ones. Their healthier environment offering a chance to spend time at natural surroundings or outdoor facilities such as private gardens and terraces, and their convenience to work from home or remote education are the main motivations behind preferences for residence. According to the analysed sample of the study, two-third of the participants have primary residences in Istanbul. Thus, the movement from city centres or metropolitan areas to rural areas, countryside or summer houses predominantly occurred in Ístanbul. The participants also mentioned that their second houses were located in Istanbul, either in Silivri, Büyükçekmece or Adalar, which are peripheral and cottage districts of the city. Staying in a second house is directly associated with the pandemic-related lockdowns and curfews, summer or weekend breaks. Nearly two-third of the respondents stated that they established relations with the neighbours in there. As a positive effect of the pandemic, these relations might be turned into a cooperative, even a solidarist process for large-scale necessities or other possible issues in everyday life. When neighbourhood-related answers are analyzed, it can be argued that the social practices are sustainable and continuous in the environment of the secondary house as well. Additionally, one-third of second house residents implied that the time they spent for leisure activities such as trekking, swimming and so on increased, which may indicate they experience daily life more actively in this period. Consequently, the potential of second houses regarding their convenience for longer or permanent stay has been recognized during the pandemic period. The significant change in the perception of these houses, which are generally projected for shortterm stay and remain empty most of the year before the pandemic, stimulates a debate about the position of the second houses on the current housing stock. The management of current second house stock should be taken into account upon their potential by especially considering the extended usage during the Covid-19 pandemic. As a result, it can be expected that these houses may be used for additional touristic purposes with some enhancement aimed at yearlong use, and new responsive design and construction approaches aiming for an extended stay, which is not limited with a season or even a possible global crisis like the Covid-19 pandemic, will gain importance. Some previous studies show the ways by which more efficient and yearlong use of second houses can be applied by residents without limiting the period of stay. Nevertheless, suggestions in studies could not be widely implemented for the management or development of summerhouses to be used throughout the year. Contrarily, second houses may be a worthwhile alternative for residents to get away from the hustle and bustle of the city and the pandemic, and to spend some time outdoor during their daily lives. Furthermore, these houses provide some opportunities for activities such as gardening and plant care, working and resting, trekking and so on. From this aspect, the question of what new, yearlong opportunities and potentials second houses can offer to residents in the post-pandemic life is noteworthy. With the addition of future studies on more efficient management of second houses, an integrated interpretation of economic, political, cultural, and local aspects will be more far-reaching for developing a holistic solution to this issue.
ABSTRACT
According to Federico, the literature suggests that needs for security and certainty are less related to opinions in the economic domain than in the social domain because of the greater difficultly of comprehending economic issues compared with social issues. According to these authors, these social pressures may generate superficial consensuses in the short term but also have the potential to create broader political divisions in the long term. The book makes an important and timely contribution to research on political polarization. Because of its sophisticated use of psychological terminology and experimental methods, I would recommend this book for an audience familiar with political psychology.
ABSTRACT
For several decades, many countries implemented a variety of social protection to respond to various socioeconomic challenges and crises. Recently, there is an increase in the implementation of social protection due to the pandemic crisis to support the poor and vulnerable groups to cope with deprivation, poverty, and social exclusion. In some countries, both the government and NGOs execute such programs whilst in others;the NGOs are key actors in delivering social protection support. In the context of the covid-19 pandemic, NGOs could face numerous challenges such as restricted funding due to the global crisis and restriction measures enforced by the countries. This could affect NGOs activities and therefore worsen the living conditions of some vulnerable groups such as the refugees during the pandemic crisis. This study investigates Turkey's local NGOs implementation of Social Protection measures to support the refugees particularly in Istanbul during the covid-19 pandemic. Accordingly, a SWOT analysis was carried out to point out the external and internal factors of local NGOs in implementing the protection measures in the benefit of the refugees during the covid-19 pandemic. The findings showed that local NGOs encountered numerous challenges in implementing social protection measures, which could reduce the effectiveness of executed programs to satisfy the targeting beneficiaries. However, these local NGOs could be key legal instruments for future crises as they have received many volunteer employees, obtained donations from Turkish citizens, and established collaboration with some private and public institutions during the covid-19 crisis.
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Owing to the frequent accidents in primary and secondary schools (PSS) in China in the past decades, a systematic analysis of indicators influencing safety risks in PSS is critical to identifying preventive measures. A two-hierarchy structure of indicators was identified by analyzing various cases, intensive interviews, and related previous literature. A combination of the analytic hierarchy process and the entropy weight method was developed to synthetically assess the primary and secondary risk indicators through a case study of Ma Shan School in China. The results are as follows: (1) the primary risk indicators, namely, natural disasters, public health, facility safety, accidental injury, public security, school bullying, and individual health constitute the evaluation framework of the safety risks in PSS. (2) Public health risks and accidental injury risks are the most critical factors that should be prioritized. In addition to providing academic implications, several managerial implications are proposed for these stakeholders to reduce the safety risks in PSS.
ABSTRACT
Türkiye'de yastık altı altın kimi hesaplamalara göre 3-5 ton arasında olup deǧeri de 200-300 milyar doları bulmaktadır. 2020 yılı başlarında ortaya çıkan ve tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alan COVID-19 pandemi süreci ülke ekonomilerini çok zora sokmuştur. Tüm dünyada olduǧu gibi Türkiye'de de ekonomi yavaşlamış ve daralmıştır. Yastık altı altın yavaşlayan ekonomiye bir nebze de olsa canlılık kazandırır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye'de yastık altı altının ekonomiye kazandırma yollarını araştırmaktır. Bu doǧrultuda altın bankacılıǧını da içeren anket uygulanmıştır. Anakütle olarak Ístanbul ili seçilmiş olup yüz yüze görüşme yapılmıştır. Tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi ile elde edilen örneklemde toplam 1002 kişi ankete katılım saǧlamıştır. Soruların içeriǧinde yaş, cinsiyet, medeni durum, öǧrenim durumu gibi temel sorular yatmaktadır. Açık uçlu olarak da aylık ortalama gelir ve aylık ortalama tasarruf soruları sorulmuştur. Altın bankacılıǧı içeren soru tipleri ise;8 adet evet-hayır ve 26 adet 5'li Likert ölçeǧi sorularından oluşmaktadır. Sorular neticesinde elde edilen verilere Faktör Analizi uygulanmıştır. Söz konusu uygulama sonrasında elde edilen faktörler kullanılarak Gompit Regresyon Modeli tahmin edilmiş olup, analiz ile birlikte altın bankacılıǧı sistemini bilgi sahibi olunmadıǧı ve bankalara olan güven duygusunun eksikliǧi sonuçları ortaya çıkmıştır.Alternate :According to some estimates, the amount of "gold beneath the pillow" in Turkey is between 3-5 tons and is valued at 200-300 billion dollars. The coronavirus disease-19 pandemic, which began in early 2020 and had world-wide impacts, has left the country's economies in a very dire situation. As in the rest of the world, the Turkish economy has slowed down and is on the verge of collapse. "Under the pillow" gold may breathe new life into this sluggish economy. This study aims to discover ways of incorporate "under the pillow" gold in the Turkish economy. Considering this situation, a survey including gold banking was conducted. The province of Istanbul was selected as the primary study population and face-to-face interviews were conducted. A total of 1,002 individuals participated in the survey through the random sampling method. The content of the questions includes basic information such as age, gender, and marital and educational status. As open-ended questions, monthly average income and monthly average savings were enquired. The following are the question categories that include gold banking: It consisted of 8 yes-no and 26 5-point Likert scale questions. Factor analysis was applied to the data obtained from the questions. The Gompit Regression Model was estimated for the factors acquired from the abovementioned analysis, and the results of the analysis showed that there was no awareness regarding the gold banking system and a lack of trust in the banks.
ABSTRACT
Bu çalışmanın amacı, COVID-19 salgınının Ístanbul'un farklı ilçelerindeki farklı iş kollarında faaliyet gösteren firmalar veya deǧişik işlerde çalışan insanlar üzerinde neden olduǧu sorunların belirlenmesidir. Pandemi sürecinde yaşanmakta olan veya deǧişen bazı koşullar nedeniyle gelecekte yaşanması muhtemel olan sorunların çözümlenmesine yönelik önerilerin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, öncelikle küreselleşmenin neden olduǧu etkilerin ortaya konulması, yaşanan sorunların önem derecesine göre sıralanması ve farklı meslek gruplarının faaliyet gösterdiǧi firmalar açısından en doǧru ekonomi politikaları ortaya konmaktadır. Yaptıǧımız analizde kullanılan bulgular, Ístanbul'daki beş ilçede faaliyet gösteren firmalarla anket yapılarak elde edilmiştir. Salgının farklı ölçekte faaliyet gösteren firmalarda yarattıǧı sorunların etkileri incelenmiştir. Önce, bu çalışmayla yaptıǧımız araştırma konusunda oluşturulan oldukça geniş kapsamlı literatürdeki diǧer çalışmalarla, COVID-19 salgını sürecinde farklı ticari faaliyetler ve meslekteki insanlar üzerinde yaratılan etkilere baǧlı olarak elde edilen bulgular açıklanmıştır. Sonra, bu süreçte başlayan sorunların, pandemi kısıtlamaları etkisiyle ticareti yapılan ürünlerin temin edilememesi, üretilen ürünlere olan talepte gelişen deǧişimler, bu süreçte tamamen kapatılması gereken işler ve faaliyetlerinin dijital uygulamalarla uyumlu olarak devam edip edememesi gibi özelliklere baǧlı olup olmadıǧı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, söz konusu firmaların faaliyetinin pandemi koşullarında devam etmesi halinde bile, maliyet artışı, talep azalması ve döviz kuru deǧişiklikleri gibi benzer finansman kaynaklı sorunlardan etkilendiǧi ve COVID-19'un iş kaybına yol açtıǧı ortaya konmuştur.Alternate :The aim of this study is to identify the problems caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on companies operating in different business lines in different districts of Istanbul or people working in different jobs. It is aimed to determine the proposals for solving the problems that are possible in the future due to some conditions that are happening or changing during the pandemic process. As a result of the study, the effects caused by globalization are firstly revealed, the problems experienced are sorted according to the severity and the most accurate economic policies are put forward for the companies in which different professional groups operate. The findings used in our analysis were obtained by conducting surveys with companies operating in five districts in Istanbul. The effects of the problems created by the outbreak in companies operating on different scales have been examined. First, with other studies in the wide-ranging literature on our research with this study, the findings were explained due to different commercial activities and the effects on people in the profession during the COVID-19 pandemic. Then, it was determined whether the problems that started in this process depended on the characteristics such as the inability to supply the products traded due to pandemic restrictions, the changes in demand for the products produced, the jobs that should be completely closed in this process and whether their activities can continue in accordance with digital applications. As a result, even if the activities of these companies continued under pandemic conditions, it was found that they were affected by similar financing-related problems such as cost increases, decreased demand and exchange rate changes, and COVID-19 led to job losses.
ABSTRACT
A conceptual paper covers an exciting view of how the mortgage market would react when a new player with different credit criteria (LTV and interest rates) enters;it advances a theoretical explanation to recover mortgage coverage in those property markets most affected by the GFC. By analysing four measures of market linkages (correlation, spillover, connectedness and causality), this paper demonstrates that portfolio diversification with corporate equity and public real estate increases in the long term and permits future market risk prediction. [...]Hoesli and Malle analyse the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial real estate prices.
ABSTRACT
2019 Aralık ayında Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti'nde ortaya çıkan ve Mart 2020'de Dünya Saǧlık Örgütü tarafından pandemi ilan edilen COVID-19, küresel ekonomiyi derinden etkileyerek tüm sektörler üzerinde yüksek düzeyde belirsizlik doǧurmaktadır. Belirsizlik ortamı sonsuz ömre sahip şirketlerin faaliyetlerini sürdürebilmesi varsayımı üzerinde şüphe oluşturarak, işletmenin sürekliliǧi esasına dikkatleri çekmektedir. Bu baǧlamda çalışmanın amacı, COVID-19 pandemi döneminde ortaya çıkan önemli belirsizliklerin BDS 570 Íşletmenin Sürekliliǧi Standardı kapsamında baǧımsız denetim raporlarına olan etkilerinin araştırılmasıdır. Borsa Ístanbul'da faaliyet gösteren toplam 391 halka açık şirketin 30.06.2020 tarihli ara dönem sınırlı denetim raporları ve 31.12.2020 tarihli baǧımsız denetim raporları çalışma kapsamına dahil edilmiş ve nitel araştırma tekniklerinden dökümantasyon yöntemi yoluyla incelenmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, halka açık şirketlerden 38'inin 2020 yılı sınırlı denetim raporlarında COVID-19 ve etkileri ile ilgili açıklamaya yer verilirken ve/ veya ilgili finansal tablo dipnotlarına dikkat çekilir· ken, 391 şirketten yalnızca yüzde birinin sınırlı denetim raporunda işletmenin sürekliliǧi esası ile ilgili ciddi şüphe oluşturan önemli bir belirsizliǧin bulunduǧu sonucuna varıldıǧını göstermektedir. 2020 yılı baǧımsız denetim raporlarından ise 69'unun COVID-19 pandemisi nedeniyle ortaya çıkan çeşitli olay ve şartlara dikkat çektiǧi ve işletmenin sürekliliǧini devam ettirme kabiliyeti ile ilgili ciddi şüphe oluşturabilecek önemli bir belirsizliǧin mevcudiyetini üç baǧımsız denetim raporunun açıkladıǧı anlaşılmaktadır.Alternate :COVID-19 emerged in the People's Republic of China in December 2019 and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. The pandemic deeply affects the global economy and raises a high level of uncertainty on all sectors. The uncertainty environment draws attention to the going concern basis of accounting by creating doubts over the assumption that companies have an eternal life. In this context, the aim of the study is to investigate the effects of significant uncertainties that emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic on independent audit reports and reports on the review within the scope of ISA 570 Going Concern. Reports on the review of the interim financial statements and independent audit reports of 391 publicly traded companies operating in Borsa Istanbul for the financial year 2020 are included in the scope of the study and examined through the documentation method, one of the qualitative research techniques. Research findings show that 38 out of 391 reports on the review of the interim financial statements for 2020 include and/or draw attention to disclosures about COVID-19 and its effects. Only one percent of the reports on the review conclude that a material uncertainty related to COVID-19 that may cast significant doubt on the entity's ability to continue as a going concern exists. Independent auditors of 69 publicly traded companies communicate a matter or matters that arose due to the COVID-19 pandemic for 2020. However, three independent audit reports concluding a material uncertainty that may cast serious doubt on the ability of the entity to continue as a going concern is observed.